Operational guidelines for assessing the impact of agricultural research on livelihoods
Good practices from CIMMYT
La Rovere and Dixon, CIMMYT, 2007

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Annex 6. Selected impact studies of CIMMYT

Badstue, L.B., M.R. Bellon, J. Berthaud, X. Juárez, I. Manuel Rosas, A.M. Solano, A. Ramírez. 2006. “Examining the Role of Collective Action in an Informal Seed System: A Case Study from the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico” Human Ecology (2006).

Bellon, M.R., J. Berthaud. 2006. “Traditional Mexican agricultural systems and the potential impacts of transgenic varieties on maize diversity.” Agriculture and Human Values 23: 3-14.

Bellon, M.R., 2001. Participatory Research Methods for Technology Evaluation: A Manual for Scientists Working with Farmers, Mexico D.F.: CIMMYT. www.cimmyt.org/Research/Economics/map/research_tools/manual/PRM_Bellon.htm

Bellon, M.R., M. Adato, J. Becerril, D. Mindek. 2007. Improved maize germplasm creolization and poverty: the case of Tuxpeno-derived material in Mexico. P. 238 – 284 in Adato M., Meinzen-Dick R. (eds.) Agricultural research, livelihoods, and poverty: studies of economic and social impacts in six countries. IFPRI and Johns Hopkins University Press.

Bellon, M.R., M. Adato, J. Becerril, D. Mindek. 2006. “Poor Farmers Perceive Benefits from Different Types of Maize Germplasm: The Case of Creolization in Lowland Tropical Mexico.” World Development 34(1): 113-129.

Bellon, M.R., M. Adato, J. Becerril, D. Mindek. 2005. Impact of Improved Maize Germplasm on Poverty Alleviation: The Case of Tuxpeño-Derived Materials in Mexico. CIMMYT, Mexico. www.cimmyt.org/english/docs/impacts/impmaize_05.pdf

Bellon, M.R., M. Morris, J. Ekboir, E., Meng, H., De Groote, G., Sain. 2002. "Humanizing" Technology Development: Social Science Research in a Home of the Green Revolution. www.syngentafoundation.org/pdf/P5_01_Bellon_etal_2002_Humanizing_ag_tech_devlpt_CIAT.pdf

Brennan, J. 1986. "Impact of Wheat Varieties from CIMMYT on Australian Wheat Production." Agricultural Economics Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, NSW, Agricultural Research Institute, Wagga Wagga, Australia.

Brennan, J., P.N. Fox. 1995. Impact of CIMMYT wheats in Australia: evidence of international research spillovers. Economics Research Report no. 1/95, NSW Agriculture, Wagga Wagga.

Brennan, J., E.J. Warham, D. Byerlee, J. Hernandez. 1992. "Evaluating the Economic Impact of Quality-Reducing, Seed Borne Diseases: Lessons from Karnal Bunt of Wheat." Agricultural Economics 6:345-352.

Byerlee, D. 1992. Dryland Wheat in India: The Impact of Technical Change and Future Research Challenges. CIMMYT Economics Working Paper 92-05. Mexico, D.F.:CIMMYT.

Byerlee, D. (with contributions from P. Anandajayasekeram, A. Diallo, B. Gelaw, P.W. Heisey, M. Lopez-Pereira, W. Mwangi, M. Smale, R. Tripp, S. Waddington). 1994. Maize Research in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview of Past Impacts and Future Prospects. Economics Working Paper 94-03. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.

Byerlee, D. 1992. Impact of Durum Wheat Breeding in Developing Countries: A Dilemma for the Future. In: Durum Wheats: Challenges and Opportunities. Wheat Special Report no. 9, Proceedings of the International Workshop, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico, March 23-25, 1992. S. Rajaram, E.E. Saari, G.P. Hettel (eds). Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.

Byerlee, D. 1995. "Economic Impacts of Wheat Improvement Research and Efficiency Issues in Investment in International and National Wheat Breeding Programs." In: Rajaram, S., G.P. Hettel (eds) Wheat Breeding at CIMMYT. Conmemorating 50 Years of Research in Mexico for Global Wheat Improvement. Wheat Special Report N. 29. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT, pp. 131-145.

Byerlee, D., A. Siddiq. 1994. "Has the Green Revolution been sustained? The quantitative impact of the seed-fertilizer revolution in Pakistan revisited." World Development 22(9): 1345-1361.

Byerlee, D., G. Sain. 1991. "Relative Prices of Staple Foods under Structural.Adjustment: Some Preliminary Findings from Latin America." Food Policy 16: 74-84. Paper presented at the Policy Seminar "Trade and Macroeconomic Policies" Impact on Agriculture in the Context of Structural Adjustment in Latin America." Santiago, Chile, May 23-25, 1989.

Byerlee, D., P. Moya. 1993. Impact of International Wheat Breeding Research in the Developing World, 1966-1990, CIMMYT

Byerlee, D., P. Moya 1992. "Ex-post Assessment of Research Impacts: CIMMYT's Experience." In D.R.Lee, S. Kearl, N. Uphoff (eds) Assessing the Impact of International Agricultural Research for Sustainable Development,. Ithaca N.Y.: The Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development.

Byerlee, D., G. Traxler. 1995. "National and International Wheat Improvement Research in the Post-Green Revolution Period: Evolution and Impacts." American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 77: 268-278.

Byerlee, D., G. Traxler. 1996. "Past Potential Impacts of Maize Research in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Assessment." Food Policy, 21 (3): 255-277.

Byerlee, D., P. Moya. 1993. Impacts of International Wheat Breeding Research in the Developing World, 1966-1990. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.

Byerlee, D., R. Tripp. 1990. "Impacts of Fanning Systems Research in the Third World." In Farming Systems Research in Pakistan. Proceedings of the Conference on Institutionalization of FSR in Pakistan held at Quetta, May 29-31, 1989. Pakistan Agricultural Research Council.

Byerlee, D., Heisey, P. 1996. Past and potential impacts of maize research in Sub-Saharan Africa: A critical assessment. Food Policy 21(3): 255-277.

Carrion, F, R. La Rovere. 2007. Manual for conducting socioeconomic surveys through a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), English version, November 2007, Impacts Targeting and Assessment Unit, , Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. http://www.cimmyt.org/english/docs/manual/seconsur/index.htm

CIMMYT 1992. 1991-92 CIMMYT World Maize Facts and Trends: Maize Research Investment and Impacts in Developing Countries. Mexico, D.F. :CIMMYT.

CIMMYT, 1998. A Sampling of CIMMYT Impacts, 1998: Ten Case Studies, Paper, CIMMYT. www.cimmyt.org/Research/Economics/PDFs/cimimp98.pdf

CIMMYT, 1998. From agronomic data to farmer recommendations: an economics training manual. Completely revised edition. Mexico, D.F.

CIMMYT, 1993. The adoption of agricultural technology: A guide for survey design. CIMMYT Economics Program, Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.

CIMMYT, 2004. Seeds of innovation: CIMMYT strategy for helping to reduce poverty and hunger by 2020. www.cimmyt.org/english/docs/special_publ/splan/contents.htm

CIMMYT, 2006. CIMMYT Business Plan 2006-2010: Translating the Vision of Seeds of Innovation into a Vibrant Work Plan, CIMMYT, Mexico. www.cimmyt.org/english/docs/mtp/bp06_10.pdf

CIMMYT. 1993. 1992/93 CIMMYT World Wheat Facts and Trends. The Wheat Breeding Industry in Developing Countries: An Analysis of Investments and Impacts. Singapore: CIMMYT.

CIMMYT. 1996. 1995/96 World Wheat Facts and Trends: Understanding Global Trends in the Use of wheat diversity and international flows of wheat genetic resources. Mexico: CIMMYT.

Cooksy, L.J., E. Arellano. 2006. CIMMYT’s Formal Training Activities: Perceptions of Impact from Former Trainees, NARS Research Leaders, and CIMMYT Scientists. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. www.cimmyt.org/english/docs/impacts/formalTrainingAct.pdf

De Groote, H. 2007. Integrating poverty classes and economic surplus analysis: the example of BT maize in Kenya Second International Conference of the African Association of Agricultural Economists, AAAEII,:20-22 August, 2007, Accra, Ghana

De Groote H., J.O. Okuro, C. Bett, L. Mose, M. Odendo, E. Wekesa. 2004. Assessing the demand for insect resistant maize varieties in Kenya combining Participatory Rural Appraisal into a Geographic Information System. CGIAR Systemwide Program on Participatory Research and Gender Analysis. Cali, Colombia. Pp. 148-162.

De Groote H., G. Owuor, C. Doss, J. Ouma, L. Muhammad, Danda, K. 2005a. The Maize Green Revolution in Kenya Revisited. Electronic Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics (eJADE), Vol. 2, No. 1, 2005, pp. 32-49.

De Groote H., L. Wangare, F. Kanampiu. 2007. Evaluating the use of herbicide-coated imidazolinone resistant (IR) maize seeds to control Striga in farmers’ fields in Kenya, Crop Protection 26: 1496-1506

De Groote H., S. Mugo, D. Bergvinson, B. Odhiambo. 2005b. Assessing the Benefits and Risks of GE Crops: Evidence from the Insect Resistant Maize for Africa Project. Information Systems for Biotechnology (ISB) News Report, February 2005, pp. 7-9.

De Groote, H., N. Gunaratna, A. Krivanek, Friesen D. 2006. Recent advance in the development, uptake and impact assessment of quality protein maize. Contributed paper, New Technology Development to reduce hunger in Sub-Saharan Africa Minisymposium, 26th Conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economics, Gold Coast, Australia.

Dixon J., J. Hellin, O. Erenstein, P. Kosina. 2007. U-impact pathway for diagnosis and impact assessment of crop improvement. Journal of Agricultural Science 145: 1-12.

Dixon J., J. Hellin, O. Erenstein, P. Kosina, L.L. Nalley. 2006. Wheat Adoption, Impact Pathways and Innovation Systems. Innovation Systems and Impact Pathways for Wheat. International Symposium on Wheat Yield Potential: Challenges to International Wheat Breeding, Days Inn, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México, March 20-24, 2006.

Dixon, J., D. Hodson, A. Langyintuo. 2006. Spatial dimensions of maize seed value chain analysis in East and Southern Africa: New approaches for dealing with sparse data on varietal characteristics, farmer demand, infrastructure and seed providers. Contributed paper, Market Access Minisymposium, 26th Conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economics, Gold Coast, Australia. www.iaae-agecon.org/

Dixon, J., L. Nalley, P. Kosina, R. La Rovere, J. Hellin, P. Aquino. 2006. Adoption and economic impact of improved wheat varieties in the developing world. Journal of Agricultural Science 144: 489-502. http://library.cimmyt.org/download/cis/4847.pdf

Dreher K., M. Khairallah, J. Ribaut, M. Morris. 2003. Money matters (I): costs of field and laboratory procedures associated with conventional and marker-assisted maize breeding at CIMMYT. Molecular Breeding 11: 221-234, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.

Ekboir, J. 2003. Why impact analysis should not be used for research evaluation and what the alternatives are. Agricultural Systems 78(2): 166-184

Ekboir, J., K. Boa, A. Dankyi. 2002. Impact of No-Till Technologies in Ghana, Economic Program Paper 02-01, CIMMYT, Mexico; D.F. www.cimmyt.org/Research/Economics/map/research_results/program_papers/pdf/EPP02_01.pdf

Ekboir, J. M. 1999. Potential Impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in California. The Role and Contribution of Animal Health Surveillance and Monitoring Services. Agricultural Issues Center Division of Agriculture and Natural Resource University of California.

Erenstein, O., Farooq, U., Sharif, M., Malik, R.K., 2007. Adoption and impacts of zero tillage as resource conserving technology in the irrigated plains of South Asia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute. 55p., Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Research Report 19. http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/assessment/files_new/publications/CA%20Research%20Reports/CARR19.pdf

Erenstein, O., Farooq, R. K. Malik, and M. Sharif. On-farm impacts of zero tillage wheat in South Asia's rice-wheat systems. Field Crop Res. 105 (3):240-252, 2008.

Erenstein O., J. Hellin, P. Chandna. 2007. Livelihoods, poverty and targeting in the Indo-Gangetic Plains: a spatial mapping approach. New Delhi: CIMMYT and the Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains (RWC). http://www.rwc.cgiar.org/Pub_Info.asp?ID=182

Gerpacio, R.V. (ed.). 2001. Impact of Public and Private Sector Maize Breeding Research in Asia, 1966-1997/98. Mexico, DF (Mexico): CIMMYT. viii, 123 p. www.cimmyt.org/Research/Economics/map/impact_studies/ImpactsMaize66_97/ImpactsAsia/pdfs/ImpactAsia.pdf

Gilbert, E., M. Smale. 1993. "Measuring Research Impacts in Africa: The Case of Maize in Malawi. In, Heisey, P.W., S.R. Waddington, (eds) 1993. Impact of On-Farm Research in Southern and Eastern Africa. Harare: Lilongwe, and Harare: CIMMYT.

Gollin, D. 2006. Impacts of International Research of Intertempolar Yield Stability in Wheat and Maize An Economic Assessment. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. www.cimmyt.org/english/docs/impacts/ImpIntlResIntertemp.pdf

Harrington, L. 1992. "Assessing the Effects of FSRE: The Impact of Impact Studies.” Keynote Paper presented at the Asian Farming Systems Symposium "Sustainable Agriculture: Meeting the Challenge Today" 2-5 November, 1992, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Hassan, R., M. Mekuria, W. Mwangi. 2001. Maize Breeding Research in Eastern and Southern Africa: Current Status and Impacts of Past Investments Made by the Public and Private Sectors 1966-97. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. www.cimmyt.org/Research/Economics/map/impact_studies/ImpactsMaize66_97/ImpactsSAfrica/pdfs/ImpactsSAfrica.pdf

Heisey, P., S. Waddington, (eds) 1993. Impacts of On-Farm Research. CIMMYT Eastern and Southern Africa On-Farm Research Network Report no. 24. Lilongwe and Harare: CIMMYT.

Heisey, P., W. Mwangi. 1993. "An Overview of Methods of Measuring Research Impacts Assessment."In Heisey, P.W., S.R. Waddington, (eds) 1993. Impact of On-Farm Research in Southern and Eastern Africa. Harare: Lilongwe, and Harare: CIMMYT.

Heisey, P.W., M.A. Lantican, H.J. Dubin. 2002. Impacts of International Wheat Breeding Research in Developing Countries, 1966-97. Mexico, DF (Mexico): CIMMYT. vi, 74 p. www.cimmyt.org/Research/Economics/map/impact_studies/wheat1966_97/WhtImpacts66_97.pdf

Heisey, P.W., M.A., H.J. Dubin. 2002. Impacts of International Wheat Breeding Research in Developing Countries, 1966-97. Mexico, DF (Mexico): CIMMYT. vi, 74 p.

Hellin J., Bellon, M., Badstue, L., Dixon, J. La Rovere, R. (accepted, forthcoming) Increasing the impacts of participatory research. Experimental Agriculture, Volume 44, Issue 01, January 2008, pp 81 - 95

Hellin, J., Bellon, M.R., Badstue, L. 2006. Participatory research: a catalyst for greater impact. Appropriate Technology, 33(2), pp. 14-16.

Hodson D.P., R.P. Singh, J.M. Dixon. 2005. An initial assessment of the potential impact of stem rust (race UG99) on wheat producing regions of Africa and Asia using GIS. 3 p. In: International Wheat Conference, 7; Mar de Plata (Argentina); 27 Nov – 2 Dec, 2005.

Jourdain, D.J., E. Scopel, F. Affholder. 2001. The impact of conservation tillage on the productivity and stability of maize cropping systems: A case study in Western Mexico. Mexico, DF (Mexico):CIMMYT. 20p. Series: CIMMYT Economics Working Paper. no. 01-02. www.cimmyt.org/research/economics/map/research_results/working_papers/pdf/EWP%2001_02.pdf

Kosina, P., M. Reynolds, J. Dixon, A. Joshi. 2007. Stakeholder perception of wheat production constraints, capacity building needs, and research partnerships in developing countries. Euphytica. 157 (3) 475-483. http://www.springerlink.com/content/c532g551h83127j5/fulltext.pdf

La Rovere, R., D. Flores, D. Hodson, I. van Bemmelen, P. Aquino, A. Ramírez, E. Carrasco, V. Hernández, I. Manuel, F. Carrión. (forthcoming). Livelihood impacts of maize research projects in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico; CIMMYT, Mexico: D.F.

La Rovere, R. J. Dixon, J. Hellin. (accepted, forthcoming). Enriching impact assessment at CIMMYT, Institutional Learning And Change (ILAC) Brief

La Rovere, R., A. Aw-Hassan, F. Turkelboom, R. Thomas. 2006. Targeting Research for Poverty Reduction in Marginal Areas of Rural Syria. Development and Change, 37(3).

La Rovere, R., J. Dixon. 2005. Report on the Impact Assessment (IA) workshop held at CIMMYT, Int., Mexico, May 3-6th.. www.cgiar-ilac.org/downloads/CIMMYT_Report.pdf

Laxmi, V., O. Erenstein, R.K. Gupta. 2007. Impact of zero-tillage in India’s rice-wheat systems, CIMMYT and Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains, New Delhi, India.

Laxmi, V., O. Erenstein, R.K. Gupta. 2007. Assessing the Impact of NRMR: The Case of Zero Tillage in India's Rice-Wheat Systems. In Waibel, H. and Zilberman, D. (eds.) International Research on Natural Resource Management: advances in Impact Assessment, Wallingford, UK:FAO and CAB International, pp. 68-90. http://www.cabi.org/bk_BookDisplay.asp?PID=2045

Langyintuo, A.S., M. Mekuria, M. Bazinger. 2006. Adoption and Impact of drought tolerant varieties in Southern Africa. Contributed paper, New Technology Development to reduce hunger in Sub-Saharan Africa Minisymposium, 26th Conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economics, Gold Coast, Australia. www.iaae-agecon.org/

Lantican, M.A., H.J. Dubin, M.L.. MorrisL. 2005. Impact of International Wheat Breeding Research in the Developing World, 1988-2002, CIMMYT. www.cimmyt.org/english/docs/impacts/impwheat_02.pdf

Lauderdale, J. 2002. Issues regarding targeting and adoption of quality protein maize. Economics Working Paper 00-02, CIMMYT, Mexico

Lilja N, J. Dixon. (accepted, forthcoming). Responding to the Challenges of Impact Assessment of Participatory Research and Gender Analysis. Experimental Agriculture

Lilja, N., M. Bellon. 2006. Analysis of Participatory Research Projects in the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. www.cimmyt.org/english/docs/impacts/analysisParticipaResProj.pdf

Lilja, N., J. Dixon, G. Manners, R. La Rovere, J. Hellin, H.S. Feldstein (eds), 2006. New avenues in impact assessment of participatory research and gender analysis. Summary proceedings of the Impact Assessment Workshop, CIMMYT Headquarters, Texcoco, Mexico, October 19-21, 2005. Cali, Colombia: CGIAR Systemwide Program on Participatory Research and Gender Analysis for Technology Development and Institutional Innovation (PRGA); and Texcoco Mexico: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 63pp. www.prgaprogram.org/Newsletter/April/Images/Newavenues.pdf

López-Pereira, M.A. 1998. Impacto de la investigación en mejoramiento de maíz en Centro América y el Caribe: 1966—97” Documento presentado en XLIV Reunión Annual del Programa Cooperativo Centroamericano de Mejoramiento de Cultivos y Animales (PCCMCA). Managua, Nicaragua, Abril 20-23 de 1998.

Lopez-Pereira, M.A., M.L. Morris. 1994. Impacts of International Maize Breeding Research in the Developing World, 1966-90. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.

MacMillan, J.A., P. Aquino, J. Islas, J. Virgen. 1998. Impact of hybrid seed on competitiveness of Mexican Maize Production Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics 46(4): 463-472.

Marasas, C.N., M. Smale, R.P. Singh. 2004. The Economic Impact in Developing Countries of Leaf rust Resistance Breeding in CIMMYT-Related Spring Bread Wheat. Economics Program Paper 04-01. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. www.cimmyt.org/english/docs/eco_paper/pp0401.pdf

Mathema, S. B., M.A. Kamala Gurung. 2006. Impact assessment of the hill maize research project, Hill maize research project, (NARC-CIMMYT-SDC), Nepal.

Meenakshi, J.V. N. Johnson, V.M. Manyong, H. De Groote, J. Javelosa, D. Yanggen, F. Naher, C. Gonzalez, J. Garcia, E. Meng. 2007. How cost-effective is biofortification in combating micronutrient malnutrition? An ex-ante assessment, HarvestPlus Working Paper no.2

Meng, E.C.H., J. Longmire, A. Moldashev. 2000. Kazakhstan’s wheat systems: priorities, constraints, and future prospects. Food Policy 25 (6): 701-717. http://library.cimmyt.org/download/cis/3510.pdf

Meng, E.C.H., J.E. Taylor, S.B. Brush. 1998. Implications for the conservation of wheat landraces in Turkey from a household model of varietal choice. In Smale, M. (ed.): Farmers, Gene Banks and Crop Breeding: Economic Analysis of Diversity in Wheat, Maize and Rice. Boston, MA (USA): Kluwer Academic Press. pp. 127-142. http://library.cimmyt.org/download/cis/Implications_conservation_wheat.pdf

Meng, E.C.H., M. Smale, M.R. Bellon, D. Grimanelli. 1998. Definition and measurement of crop diversity for economic analysis. In Smale, M. (ed.) Farmers, Gene Banks and Crop Breeding: Economic Analysis of Diversity in Wheat, Maize and Rice. Boston, MA (USA): Kluwer Academic Press. http://library.cimmyt.org/download/cis/Definition_measurement_diversity.pdf

Meng, E.C.H., Ruifa Hu, Xiaohua Shi, Shihuang Zhang. 2006. Maize in China: Production Systems, Constraints, and Research Priorities. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. www.cimmyt.org/english/docs/maize_producsys/china.pdf

Morris M., K. Dreher, J. Ribaut, M. Khairallah. 2003. Money matters (II): costs of maize inbred line conversion schemes at CIMMYT using conventional and marker-assisted selection. Molecular Breeding 11: 235-247, 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.

Morris M.; M. Mekuria, R.V. Gerpacio. 2003. Impacts of CIMMYT maize breeding research. p. 135-158. In Evenson, R.E.; D. Gollin (eds) Crop variety improvement and its effect on productivity: The impact of international agricultural research.. Oxon (United Kingdom): FAO,

Morris, M. L., M. A. López Pereira. 2000. Impactos del mejoramiento de maíz en América Latina, 1966-1997. México, D.F.: CIMMYT. www.cimmyt.org/research/Economics/map/impact_studies/ImpactsMaize66_97/ImpactosLA/pdfs/AllImpactosLA.pdf

Morris, M., P. Pingali, H. Gregersen, T. Kelley. 2003. Assessing the impact of agricultural research: an overview Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 42 (2003). no. 2: 127-148. http://library.cimmyt.org/download/cis/3903.pdf

Morris, M.L. 1999. “Impacts of globalization on national maize seed industries: Lessons from developing countries” Prepared for the ISNAR Workshop on The Impact of Globalization on Agricultural Research and Development Strategies in Developing Countries. The Hague, Netherlands, 8-9 September, 1999.

Morris, M.L. 2001. Impacts of international maize breeding research in developing countries, 1966-98. Mexico, DF (Mexico): CIMMYT. x, 53 p. www.cimmyt.org/Research/Economics/map/impact_studies/maize1966_98/MzImpacts6698.pdf

Morris, M.L. 2002. Impacts of International Maize Breeding Research in Developing Countries, 1966-98. Mexico, D.F.:CIMMYT.

Morris, M.L., P.W. Heisey., 2003. Estimating the benefits of plant breeding research: methodological issues and practical challenges, Agricultural Economics 29 (2003) 241-25.

Morris, M.L., C. Clancy, M.A. Lopez-Pereira. 1992. Maize Research Investment and Impacts in Developing Countries. Part I of 1991-92 CIMMYT World Maize Facts and Trends: Maize Research Investment and Impacts in Developing Countries, Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.

Morris, M.L., M. A. López-Pereira. 1999. “Impacts of Maize Breeding Research in Latin America, 1966-1997.” México, D.F.: CIMMYT.

Morris, M.L., R. Tripp, A.A. Dankyi. 1999. Adoption and Impacts of Improved Maize Production Technology: A Case Study of the Ghana Grains Development Project. Economics Program Paper 99-01. México, D.F.: CIMMYT

Moshi A., P. Anandajayasekeram, A. Kaliba, D. Martella, W. Mwangi, F. Shao. 1997. “Economic Impact of Maize Research in Tanzania.” Published by: Sothern African Center for Cooperation in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Training (SACCAR).

Negassa, A., W. Mwangi, H. Beyene. 1993. "Impacts of On-Farm Research on Farmers and Their Adoption of Technologies around Bako, Ethiopia: Some Selected Cases." In, Heisey, P.W., S.R. Waddington, (eds) 1993. Impact of On-Farm Research in Southern and Eastern Africa. Harare: Lilongwe, and Harare: CIMMYT.

Pingali, P.L. 2001. “Milestones in Impact Assessment Research in the CGIAR, 1970-1999.” With annotated bibliography of impact assessment studies conducted in the CGIAR 1970-1999, Prepared by M.P. Feldmann. Mexico, D.F.: SPIA, Technical Advisory Committee of the CGIAR.

Pingali, P.L. 2001. Milestones in IA Research in the CGIAR, 1970-1999, Paper, Standing Panel on IA, Technical Advisory Committee of the CGIAR. www.cimmyt.org/Research/economics/map/impact_studies/milestones/milestones_contents.htm

Pingali, P., M. Morris. 2003. “Assessing the impact of agricultural research: an introduction” Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 42 (2003), no. 2: 121-125.

Pray, C. 2006. The Asian Maize Biotechnology Network (AMBIONET): A model for strengthening national agricultural research systems. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.

S. Hussain, D. Byerlee, P. Heisey. 1994. Impacts of the training and visit extension system on farmers' knowledge and adoption of technology: evidence from Pakistan. Agricultural Economics 10: 39-47.

Saade, M.E. 1996. Adoption and impact of high yielding wheat varieties in Northern Tunisia. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT. vi, 28 p. Series: CIMMYT Economics Working Paper. no. 96-03

Sain, G., M. Lopez-Pereira. 1997. Impacto de las politicas agricolas en la produccion de maiz en Centroamerica y Mexico. Paper presented at policy workshop in Tegucigalpa, Honduras

Singh, R.P., M.L. Morris. 1997. Adoption, Management, and Impact of Hybrid Maize Seed in India. Economics Working Paper 97-06. México, D.F.: CIMMYT

Smale M. R.P. Singh. 1998. The economic impact of diversifying the genetic resistance to leaf rust disease in modern bread wheats. p. 173-188. In Smale, M. (ed.) Farmers, gene banks and crop breeding: Economic analysis of diversity in wheat, maize, rice. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Press CIMMYT, Series: Natural Resources Management and Policy

Smale, M. 1993. Maize is Life: Maize Research and Smallholder Production in Malawi. Case Study for the Maize Research Impact in Africa study. Africa Bureau, ARTS/FARA, USAID.

Smale, M., P. Heisey. 1994. "The Impact of Maize Research in Malawi.” In D.C. Munthali, J.D.T. Kumwenda and F. Kisyombe (eds) Proceedings, Conference on Agricultural Research for Development. Club Makokola, Mangochi, Malawi, 7-11 June 1993.

Smale, M., P.W. Heisey. 1994. Comment: "Gendered Impacts of Fertilizer Subsidy Removal Programs in Malawi and Cameroon." Agricultural Economics (10)1: 95¬99.

Smale, M., E.C.H. Meng. 2003. Determinants of spatial diversity in modern wheat: examples from Australia and China Agricultural Economics 28:13-16. http://library.cimmyt.org/download/cis/2968.pdf

Smale, M., S. Edmeades H. De Groote. (eds). 2006. Promising crop biotechnologies for small holder farmers in East Africa: bananas and maize. Washington, DC (USA), Mexico, D.F., Rome (Italy): IFPRI/CIMMYT/IPGRI. 44 p. Series: Research at a Glance. Briefs. no. 19-26.

Smale, M., R.P. Singh, K. Sayre, P. Pingali, S. Rajaram, H.J. Dubin. 1998. Estimating the economic impact of breeding nonspecific resistance to Leaf Rust in modern bread wheats, Plant Disease 82: 1055-1061.

Smale, M., M.R. Bellon, J.A. Aguirre, I. Rosas, J. Mendoza, A.M. Solano, R. Martínez, A. Ramírez, J. Berthaud. 2003. The economic costs and benefits of participatory project to conserve maize landraces on farm in Oaxaca, Mexico. J. Agric. Economics 29 :265-275.

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